increases with age >45

• 80% ischemic
• 15% primary intracerebral haemorrhage
• 5% subarachnoid haemorrhage

mechanism → impaired blood supply → loss of function

Ischemic stroke

Haemorrhagic stroke

Stroke Prevention

Clinical Features

PCA Stroke:

• Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing due to occipital lobe involvement
• Contralateral sensory loss due to thalamic involvement (light touch, pinprick and positional sense may be decreased)
• Visual deficits
  • Cortical blindness (loss of vision without loss of light reflex)
  • Lack of depth perception
  • Hallucinations
• Memory deficits
• Vertigo
• Dominant hemisphere damage:
  • Anomic aphasia ( word finding difficulty particularly nouns and verbs)
  • Agnosia (impairment of recognition of sensory stimulus (most commonly visual)
• Non-dominant hemisphere:
  • Prosopagnosia (inability to recognise familiar faces)