haemorrhage within the brain parenchyma or the subarachnoid space → tissue compression and reactive swelling → clinical symptoms (e.g., neurologic deficits) and long-term tissue damage.

• Intracerebral

• Subarachnoid

Complications

Hemorrhagic complications:

• Recurrent hemorrhage
• Intraventricular hemorrhage
• Hydrocephalus
• Vasospasm (typically occurs 5–7 days after SAH) → may result in ischemic stroke

General stroke complications:

• Elevated ICP and brain herniation (Cushing triad)
• Seizures
• SIADH
• Persistent neurologic deficits (hemiparesis, aphasia) and disability
• Central poststroke pain
• Neuropathic pain