Vaping: younger age. facilitates nicotine dependency, impairs development and increases cancer risk.

Smoking: 22-44yo Males, remote location.

Second hand smoking: ↑ risk of lung cancer, Premature death, ↑ risk of CAD

Cigarettes Can cause any of the following:

Non-neoplastic:

• Bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD, COAD)

• Atherosclerosis
• IHD, Stroke, MI.
• Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer, Oesophagitis.
• Arteriosclerosis – Berger’s disease.

Neoplastic:

• Lung Cancer (many types)
• Oral, laryngeal & oesophageal cancer.
• Carcinoma of bladder, Pancreas, cervix, larynx.