Tumours of typically anterior pituitary. Mostly slow growing and benign.

Demographics

• Mostly found incidentally on radiology.
• Average prevalence >10% population
• Symptomatic prevalence 1 in 1000
• Prolactinoma >50% pituitary tumours
• Pituitary adenomas 30%
• <5% Incidentally found will grow significantly. Growth rate in first 2 years indicates need for future intervention
• Young females with small tumours
• old males with large tumours

Aetiology

• Most pituitary adenomas are sporadic.
• Familial cases of pituitary adenomas represent 5% of all pituitary tumors
• Mutations of MEN1, MEN4, CNC, FIPA genes plays roll in pituitary adenoma development.

Pathophysiology

Uncontrolled cell growth in pituitary gland. Classified based on size, cell of origin, functional and non-functional.