Fracture at femoral neck, completely or partially disconnecting the femoral head from the femur

Demographics

• Elderly
• Young people who perform in athletics or high-energy trauma
• White females

Risk factors

• Female
• Decreased mobility
• Low bone density
• Increasing age
• Osteoporosis esp. post-menopausal women and elderly
• Muscle weakness
• Estrogen deficiency
• Low body weight
• Poor nutrition – vitamin D or calcium deficiency
• Smoking, alcohol use