most common thyroid tumour

• Goitre – from Gutter for “Neck”.
• Enlargement of thyroid - commonest
• Endemic: >10% pop. (iodine def.) high altitudes Andes, Himalayas
• Sporadic: Enzymes, drugs, foods (Cassava, Cabbage) thiocyanates.

Pathogenesis

• decreased T3 & T4 > increased TSH > Hyperplasia
• Gland hyperplasia compensates for function → Euthyroid state

Clinical

• Mass effect, dysphagia, superior vena cava syndrome.

• Initially diffuse (colloid goitre) → Repeated attacks → whole gland enlargement multinodular

• Toxic change in a nodule: Plummer syndrome (rare).

• Scan: Uneven iodine uptake as inside there is rupture and haemorrage inside from multinodular hyperplasia compressing vessels

  

Microscopy

• Nodular hyperplasia with Inflam., haemorrhage, fibrosis & Calcification.