Cluster of risk factors comprising excess abdominal weight, lipid abnormalities, hypertension and elevated glucose levels

demographics

• all ages effected
• In America: 24% male population, 22% female
• Increased in low SES

aetiology

• obesity, lack of physical activity, genetic disposition.
• Increased adipose tissue → increased proinflammatory cytokines released from adipose tissue → altered insulin sensitivity

Pathogenesis

• Insulin resistance → microvascular damage → endothelial dysfunction, vascular resistance, hypertension, vessel wall inflammation
• RAAS → HTN, increased ROS
• LOX → increased LDL oxidation
• All of above → atherogenesis and tissue fibrosis → CVD

risk factors