https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2018/209/8/national-heart-foundation-australia-and-cardiac-society-australia-and-new-0

<aside> 💡 clinical syndrome with typical symptoms and signs that generally occur on exertion, but can also occur at rest (particularly when recumbent). Secondary to an abnormality of cardiac structure or function that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with blood at normal pressure or eject blood sufficient to fulfil the needs of the metabolising organs.

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median survival post diagnosis is 3-5 years

Demographics + risk factors: same old

Aetiology

• consequence of myocardial dmg → structural impairment of vent filling or ejection.

• ischaemic heart disease, HTN, mitral/aortic valve disease, arrhythmia, ETOH, hyperthyroidism (AF w vent response)

• Pathophysiology:

Clinical features/examination

• Vitals: Tachy HR and RR, HTN, weight gain or loss
• Dyspnoea on exertion (earliest + most significant)
• Pulmonary congestion:
  • cough
  • Fine crackles in lung bases
  • Orthopnoea, PND
• fatigue
• S3 gallop
• Severe: hypoxic encephalopathy → altered mental state, low GCS
• prolonged → RV failure → hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, leg oedema, inc JVP

• Ejection fraction
• Right-sided heart failure
• Exacerbations/precipitants

Investigations