dark spots = haemorrhage
white spots = exudates
approach
Lens: cataract (GRADUAL ONSET)
Vitreous: haemorrhage or inflammation (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal tear)
Optic nerve: inflammation, ischaemia, compression, nutritional
Macula: degeneration (wet or dry)
Arteries: occlusion (branch or complete)
Veins: occlusion (branch or complete)
Retina: holes/detachment/ retinopathy/inflammation
Visual loss in white eye