• Clinical syndrome consisting of pain, swelling, and inflammation of epididymis +/- testes

Aetiology:

• Spread from urethra: chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Spread from bladder: E. coli

Demographics

• Age < 35yo usually STI-related
• Age > 35yo usually non-STI related: urinary tract in men

Risk Factor

• Sex (new sexual partner in last 3 months, STI in past 12 months, sexual partner with STI)
• upper genital instrumentation (IUD insertion in females, catheter in males).

Clinical Features

• Acute onset unilateral scrotal pain and swelling.
• Dysuria +/- urethral discharge
• Fever
• Testicular/epididymal tenderness relieved by elevation (Prehn’s sign)