Infection of the bladder. Often accompanied by urethritis (urethritis in isolation is commonly caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia). In men may be accompanied by prostatitis.

Clinical features

• Hematuria (frank or microscopic)
• Increased urinary frequency and urgency (incontinent in extremes of age)
• Dysuria (burning pain on urination)
• Suprapubic tenderness
• Suprapubic pain during and after voiding
• Possible low-grade fever
• Cloudy urine
• Desire to pass more urine after micturition (due to spasm of inflamed bladder)

Complications:

• Prostitis: Presents as perineal or suprapubic pain, pain on ejaculation and prostatic tenderness on rectal examination.
• Pyelonephritis