Desired Effect: Pain relief

MOA: mu opioid receptor agonist.

Indication

1. Acute or chronic pain.
2. Severe pain.
3. Cough suppression.

Contraindication/precaution

Contraindicated:

• People who are CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolisers.
• Children <12 years.
• Avoid use in all people aged <18 years undergoing a tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.
• Breast feeding.

Precautions:

• Renal disorders.
• Taking drugs that cause CNS & respiratory depression. i.e. Benzodiazepines.
• Alcohol