Extrahepatic or Intrahepatic obstruction of bile secretion or flow caused by many disorders: gallstones, congenital inflammation, autoimmune etc.
Cholestatic disorders
Commonest cause is cholelithiasis. can also be from tumour, strictures, atresia, parasites, auto immune disorders.
Ascending cholangitis complication of cholestasis- secondary bacterial infection, fever, chills, pain and jaundice. Acute inflammation. If not treated, chronic inflam → fibrosis → secondary biliary cirrhosis
Neonatal cholestasis
congenital extrahepatic biliary atresia: severe obstruction, progressive decline in liver function → death without surgical intervention
neonatal hepatitis: alpha1anti trypsin deficiency (giant cell formation is typical)
Autoimmune cholangiopathies
Primary biliary cholangitis/cirrhosis (PBC)
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Clinical features of cholestasis