Acute insult leading to abrupt decrease in kidney function and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes

• defined by KDIGO guidelines
  • acute rise in creatinine ≥ 26.5 μmol/l within 48 hours; or ≥50% baseline within 7 days
  • drop in urine output <0.5mL/kg/hour for 6 hours

Demographics

• Older age (>60)
• Occurs in 15% of people admitted to hospital and 50% of patients in ICU

Risk Faced urine tors

• Comorbidities / FHx: HTN, T2DM, CKD
• Solitary functioning kidney
• Obesity, smoking

Aetiology

• Pre-renal: anything that dramatically reduces renal perfusion - If it can cause shock, it can cause pre-renal AKI (It can also cause intra-renal AKI if it is severe/prolonged)
• Intrinsic Renal: Think about region of nephron affected
• Post-renal: obstructions in urinary tract