<aside> 💡 Acute deterioration of renal function, Oliguria/Anuria & Uraemia. Decreased GFR (<20ml/min) → BUN & Creatinine increase

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• Common, 1% of inpatients to 20% in intensive care patients.
• Blood Supply – Glomerular function – Tubular & collecting system.

Pre-Renal: 60%

• Hypovolemia, Shock, dehydration, Cardiac failure.
• Microangiopathy: DIC, HUS, TTP etc. – arterial block emboli.

Renal: 30%

• Acute Tubular necrosis (ATN), AGN, acute tubule-interstitial nephritis (ATIN)

  Acute Tubular Necrosis

  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis (analgesic nephropathy example)
  • NSAID nephropathy

• Infiltrations, malignancy, Tubular obstructions - drugs, Hb, myoglobin, myeloma proteins etc.

Post-Renal: 10%

• Urinary tract Obstruction: Stones, UTI, tumors, bladder, prostate.

• Benign nephrosclerosis

Malignant hypertension

Renal artery stenosis can cause atrophy in effected kidney, but stimulates JGA to increase renin leading to hypertension and benign nephrosclerosis of other kidney